Hindi language has its roots in the
classical Sanskrit language. The language acquired its current form
over many centuries, and numerous dialectical variations still exist.
Hindi is written in the Dev Nagari script, which is common to several
other Indian languages as well. Much of the vocabulary of Hindi comes
from Sanskrit. Its grammar too has similarities with Sanskrit.
Hindi as an Official Language
The Constitution of India declares Hindi in
the Dev Nagari script as the official language of the Union (Article
343(1)). Hindi is also enumerated as one of the twenty-five languages
of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The Constitution of
India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English as the two
languages of communication for the Central Government.
It was envisioned that Hindi would
become the sole working language of the Central government by 1965 (as
per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with State
governments being free to function in languages of their choice.
However, passage of the Official Languages Act (1963), provided for the
continued use of English, indefinitely, for all official purposes.
Therefore, English is still used in official documents, courts etc.
However, the constitutional directive to the Central government to
spread Hindi was retained.
At the State level, Hindi is the
official language of the following States in India: Bihar, Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Delhi. Each of these States may also
designate a co-official language; in Uttar Pradesh for instance, this
language is Urdu. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of
co-official language in several States also.
Hindi as a global language
This is worth mentioning that there is
a growing interest among our foreign counterparts to understand the
rich Indian culture. That is why many foreign countries have established
centres of learning to promote Indian studies.
Apart from offering courses on Indian
Religion, History and Culture, these centres also offer courses in
several Indian languages like Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit. In the
globalisation and privatisation scenario, growing business relations of
India with other countries have been necessitating the need of
cross-learning of the languages of the concerned business partner
countries.
This development has added to the
popularity of Hindi as a popular and easy to learn Indian language in
other countries. Some schools in US have decided to introduce Hindi as
a foreign language along with French, Spanish and German. Hindi has
earned a global recognition for itself in linguistic arena.
Hindi as a technical language
The sources of Hindi corpora are
printed books, journals, magazines, newspapers and government documents
published during 1981-1990. It has been categorized into six main
categories viz. Social Sciences, Physical & Professional Sciences,
Aesthetics, Natural Science, Commerce, Official and Media Languages and
Translated Material. Software Tools for word level tagging, Word
Count, Letter Count, Frequency Count have also been
developed. About thirty lakh words of machine readable corpora have
been developed in Hindi by various institutes.
Apart from this, Hindi Word Processors
have been developed by various Organizations starting form Siddharth
(DCM in 1983), Lipi (Hinditronics 1983). ISM, lleap, Leap Office (CDAC,
Pune) since 1991 under development of GIST, Shreelipi, Sulipi, APS,
Akshar and others so many word processors for Hindi. CDAC Pune
pioneered the GIST Technology which facilitates the use of Indian
languages in Information Technology. It uses the Indian Script Code for
Information Interchange, their representation on Screen and Printer
using the special fonts (ISFOC), common keyboard layout for different
scripts (INSCRIPT) etc.
Job Opportunities in Hindi Language
In different departments of the
Central government , State governments (in Hindi speaking States), it
is mandatory to work in Hindi language. So there are various posts like
Hindi Officer, Hindi Translator, Hindi Assistant, Manager (Official
language) in different departments and units of Central / State
governments.
The opportunities have increased
manifold with the advent of private TV and Radio channels and launch of
Hindi versions of established magazines / newspapers. In the field of
Hindi media, there is a need for Editors, Reporters, Correspondents,
Sub Editors, Proof Readers, Radio Jockey, Anchors etc. A Degree /
Diploma in Journalism / Mass Communication along with academic
qualification in Hindi is an added advantage for job seekers. One can
serve the mediums of Radio / TV / Cinema as a Script Writer / Dialogue
Writer / Lyricist. This field necessitates a natural and artistic
mastery of creative writing. But a degree / diploma in creative writing
will enhance one’s style of writing.
This includes translation of the works
of eminent International writers into Hindi and also those of Hindi
writers into English and other foreign languages. There is also the
work of translating scripts of films / advertisements into Hindi/
English. But bi-lingual efficiency is the essence of this field. One
can earn one’s livelihood as a freelance translator and can also set up
one’s translation firms. Such firms take up assignments on contract
basis and provide employment to many professional translators. There
are also opportunities of translation projects from foreign agencies.
The task can be easily done through internet.
There are seemingly endless numbers of
language companies all over the world like Systran, SDL
International, Detroit Translation Bureau, proz etc. The majority of
these linguistically oriented companies offer many services available
in multiple languages, and one of the languages is Hindi. Other
companies solicit language services from these companies on contract
basis. Usually, career opportunities in these firms are available in
the form of permanent or freelance translators and interpreters.
Now we find every global publication
house struggling to make space for their existence in the masses,
particularly the Hindi belt. Most surprisingly the leading
multinational publishing houses not only started commissioning Hindi
publication but started publishing translated version (in Hindi) of
best sellers also on a massive scale. So there is a great opportunity
as a translator, editor & composer in big publishing houses.
There is a job opportunity in foreign
countries for the Post Graduates in Hindi language, especially those who
have completed their Ph.D. Scope of teaching Hindi language and
linguistics in foreign universities is increasing tremendously after it
has been recognized as a language of business by some foreign
countries. One can always choose the traditional option of teaching
Hindi at schools, colleges & universities as teacher and professor
in India
Courses offered by Colleges/Universities in Hindi Language
| University/College | Courses 0ffered |
| Antar-rastriya Hindi Viswa Vidyalaya, Panchtela, Wardha (Maharashtra) | M.A., M.Phil, Ph.D. (Language Technology) |
| Dept. of Hindi, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-46 | M. A., M.Phil. and Ph.D in Hindi language, Functional Hindi. PG Diploma in Hindi translation |
| Institute of Higher Education & research, University Wing, Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, T. Nagar, Chennai -17 (T.N.) | M. A., M.Phil ., and Ph.D in Hindi literature & language, P.G. Diploma in Hindi translation, P.G. Diploma in Hindi Journalism. |
| University of Delhi, Delhi | PG. Cert. of Hindi Journalism |
| University of Pune, Pune, (Maharashtra) | M.A. in Functional Hindi |
| Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-05 (UP) | M.A. in Functional Hindi (Journalism) |
| Avinashlingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore (TN) | M.A. in Hindi Journalism |
| Makhanlal Chaturvedi Rastriya Patrakarita Viswavidyalaya, Bhopal (MP) | M.A. in Hindi Journalism |
| Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam (AP) | PG Diploma in Hindi Journalism PG Diploma in Translation (Hindi) |
| Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut (UP) | M.A. in Functional Hindi |
| Institute of Distance Learning, Kerala University, Trivandrum-695581(Kerala) | PG Diploma in Functional Hindi |
| Distance Education, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore (Karnataka) | PG Diploma in Translation (Hindi) |
| SNDT Women University, Mumbai (Hindi) | PG Diploma in Translation |
| Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, (UP) | PG Diploma in Translation (Hindi) |
| Ignou, New Delhi | PG Diploma in Translation (Hindi), PG Diploma in creative writing in Hindi. |
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